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|image = Golda Meir 03265u.jpg |office = 4th Prime Minister of Israel |president = Zalman Shazar Ephraim Katzir |term_start = 17 March 1969 |term_end = 3 June 1974 |predecessor = Yigal Allon |successor = Yitzhak Rabin |office2 = Minister of Internal Affairs |term_start2 = 16 July 1970 |term_end2 = 1 September 1970 |predecessor2 = Haim-Moshe Shapira |successor2 = Yosef Burg |office3 = Minister of Foreign Affairs |primeminister3 = David Ben-Gurion Levi Eshkol |term_start3 = 18 June 1956 |term_end3 = 12 January 1966 |predecessor3 = Moshe Sharett |successor3 = Abba Eban |office4 = Minister of Labour |primeminister4 = David Ben-Gurion |term_start4 = 10 March 1949 |term_end4 = 19 June 1956 |predecessor4 = Mordechai Bentov |successor4 = Mordechai Namir |birth_name = Golda Mabovich |birth_date = |birth_place = Kiev, Russia |death_date = |death_place = Jerusalem, Israel |party = Mapai Labor Party |otherparty = Alignment |spouse = Morris Meyerson |children = Menachem Sarah |alma_mater = University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee |signature = Golda Meir Signature.svg }} Golda Meir (earlier Golda Meyerson, born Golda Mabovitch, Голда Мабович; May 3, 1898 – December 8, 1978) was an Israeli teacher, kibbutznik, politician and the fourth Prime Minister of Israel. Meir was elected Prime Minister of Israel on March 17, 1969, after serving as Minister of Labour and Foreign Minister.〔(Golda Meir becomes Israeli Prime Minister ), History Today〕 The world's fourth and Israel's first and only woman to hold such an office, she has been described as the "Iron Lady" of Israeli politics,〔(Golda Meir ), a BBC News profile.〕 though her tenure ended before that term was applied to British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. Former Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion used to call Meir "the best man in the government"; she was often portrayed as the "strong-willed, straight-talking, grey-bunned grandmother of the Jewish people".〔(Mother of a nation, but not much of a mother ) ''Haaretz'', July 7, 2008〕 Meir resigned as prime minister in 1974, the year following the Yom Kippur War. She died in 1978 of lymphoma.〔Yitzhak Shargil and Gil Sedan. "(State Funeral Will Be Held Tuesday for Golda Meir Who Died Friday at the Age of 80 )." ''Jewish Telegraphic Agency'' 11 Dec 1978.〕 ==Early life== Golda Mabovitch ((ウクライナ語:Ґольда Мабович)) was born on May 3, 1898, in Kiev, Russian Empire, present-day Ukraine, to Blume Neiditch (died 1951) and Moshe Mabovitch (died 1944), a carpenter. Meir wrote in her autobiography that her earliest memories were of her father boarding up the front door in response to rumours of an imminent pogrom. She had two sisters, Sheyna (1889-1972) and Tzipke (1901-1981), as well as five other siblings who died in childhood. She was especially close to Sheyna. Moshe Mabovitch left to find work in New York City in 1903.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Golda Meir’s American Roots )〕 In his absence, the rest of the family moved to Pinsk to join her mother's family. In 1905, Moshe moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in search of higher-paying work and found employment in the workshops of the local railroad yard. The following year, he had saved up enough money to bring his family to the United States. Blume ran a grocery store on Milwaukee's north side, where by age eight Golda had been put in charge of watching the store when her mother went to the market for supplies. Golda attended the Fourth Street Grade School (now Golda Meir School) from 1906 to 1912. A leader early on, she organised a fund raiser to pay for her classmates' textbooks. After forming the American Young Sisters Society, she rented a hall and scheduled a public meeting for the event. She went on to graduate as valedictorian of her class. At 14, she studied at North Division High School and worked part-time. Her mother wanted her to leave school and marry, but she demurred. She bought a train ticket to Denver, Colorado, and went to live with her married sister, Sheyna Korngold. The Korngolds held intellectual evenings at their home, where Meir was exposed to debates on Zionism, literature, women's suffrage, trade unionism, and more. In her autobiography, she wrote: "To the extent that my own future convictions were shaped and given form () those talk-filled nights in Denver played a considerable role." In Denver, she also met Morris Meyerson (December 17, 1893 – May 25, 1951), a sign painter, whom she later married on December 24, 1917.〔(Golda Meir: An Outline Of A Life ) Metropolitan State College of Denver, mscd.edu; accessed November 22, 2015.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Golda Meir」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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